<p>The Octagon House, also known as Hawley House, in Barrington, Illinois is a mid-19th century residence listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and features</h2><br>
<p>The Octagon House is an eight-sided, two-story structure originally intended for residential use. According to the submitted in June 1978, the home was built in or around 1860 by a Mr. Brown, likely Joseph Brown. The structure is entirely wood-framed and covered with clapboards.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon House&#39;s most notable features are the intricately carved and jig-sawed brackets supporting the roof of</p><br>
<p>the porch enclosing the house and similarly detailed screens that cover the foundation from view. Structural members of the house are fastened by hand-forged flat nails and glue. No machined nails were used in the original structure. At the time of its nomination, the house was painted all white; however, its current occupants have since repainted the structure in a combination of yellow, burgundy, and olive.</p><br>
<p>Despite its eight-sided exterior, the interior of the Octagon House is reported as "quite conventional," and the rooms are divided so no octagonal corner is visible from the inside. The small spaces that develop from fitting a rectilinear floorplan into an octagonal space are used as coat nooks, and on the west side of the house, as a stair closet. The door frames and mouldings are hand carved in</p><br>
<p>a simple medallion pattern.</p><br>
<p>There have been at least two additions to the structure—the first, sometime before 1920, removed the rear porch and added a kitchen addition to the southwest corner of the house. Upon purchasing the home in 1951, the Hawley family added a small bedroom extension at the structure&#39;s rear southeast corner.</p><br>
<p>Georgiaville is a village in Smithfield, Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The village was named after the Georgia Cotton Manufacturing Company mill located in the area. The Georgiaville Pond Beach is located in the village and is a popular recreation spot. In the 1920s the Ku Klux Klan was active in the area, and Klan rallies were held in Georgiaville. The village, which has retained many features of its origin as a mid-19th century mill village including the mill complex and several blocks of mill worker housing, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Georgiaville is also where Smithfield&#39;s town hall is located.</p><br>
<p>Lime Rock  is a village and historic district in Lincoln, Providence County, Rhode Island, United States, near Rhode Island Route 146. The village was named after the limestone quarries in the area, which started in the 17th century, and continue to the present where Conklin Limestone Company now operates. Because of the abundance of limestone in the area many houses had massive end chimneys and were called "stone enders," a distinctly Rhode Island style of architecture. The historic district includes 21 historically significant properties in an area extending from Wilbur Road , just west of its junction with Old Louisquisset Pike, eastward to Great Road, and then along Great Road as far as Simon Sayles Road. Among these properties are three quarries, and the ruins of three old lime kilns. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Bowen–Campbell House, also known as the Bowen Plantation House, is a two-story, Federal style, brick house located in Goodlettsville, Sumner County, Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The house was built from 1787 to 1788 by Captain William Bowen, a veteran of Lord Dunmore&#39;s War of 1774, the French and Indian War of 1754 to 1763, and the American Revolutionary War who brought his family to the area in 1785. His son, William Russell Bowen, later lived in the house. His grandson, Brigadier General William Bowen Campbell who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1851 to 1853 and USA Congressman from Tennessee from 1837 to 1843, was born in the house in 1807.</p><br>
<p>It is the oldest brick house in Middle Tennessee. The brick masons were imported from Lexington, Kentucky. The original plantation area around the house is now the home of Moss-Wright Park. The Bowen–Campbell House Association as well as the Tennessee Historical Commission, restored the house in 1976. In 1977, the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Archeologists found the family cemetery on the property in 1995 and restored it in 1996. It is open for tours as part of Historic Mansker&#39;s Station.</p><br>
<p>The Spring Street Freight House is a historic freight house located at Jeffersonville, Indiana. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 2007, after being nominated by the Indiana Department of Transportation. It is one of the few railhouses built in the 1920s still standing.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway (CCC & St. L RR), also known as the Big Four, around 1925. It was built Craftsman-style, and is stories high. Its foundation and walls are made of wood, and the roof is asphalt shingles. It includes a brick chimney. The property upon which the freight house is upon covers 0.52 acre.</p><br>
<p>After the railroad abandoned it in 1963, R.A. Alms & Sons Feed Wholesalers used it from 1970 to 1975. In the 1980s a cable company used it. It is currently unused, but the Ohio River Bridges Project had plans to restore it in 2008 and turn it into its headquarters; as of August 2009 nothing, no renovation had been performed.</p><br>
<p>The State of Indiana and Indiana Department of Transportation completed an extensive rehabilitation of the building in 2012.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures and the National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 2007.</p><br>
<p>File:Spring Street Freight House 3.jpgFront of depot, before restoration. Sign in door states that the depot is owned by the state of Indiana, and that trespassers will be prosecuted.</p><br>
<p>File:Exterior - South Facade.jpgRehabilitated (2012) - South Entrance</p><br>
<p>File:Exterior - Southwest Corner.jpgRehabilitated (2012) - Southwest Corner</p><br>
<p>File:Exterior - Northeast Corner.jpgRehabilitated (2012) - Northeast Corner</p><br>
<p>File:Exterior - Front Entrance.jpgRehabilitated (2012)- Front Entry</p><br>
<p>File:Exterior - North Eave.jpgRehabilitated (2012) Brackets & Eaves</p><br>
<p>File:Exterior - South Eave.jpgRehabilitated (2012) - South Eave</p><br>
<p>File:Spring Street Freight House rehabilitated interior.jpgRehabilitated (2012) - Interior</p><br>
<p>The Landsford Canal is a navigation channel that opened in 1823 with the purpose of bypassing rapids along the Catawba River to allow efficient freight transport and rapid travel between nearby communities and settlements along the rural frontiers of the era. It had five locks operating over a stretch of 2 mi with an elevation change overall of 32 -. It was part of the inland navigation system from the Up Country to Charleston, built systematically from 1819, and the navigations are today the centerpiece of Canal State Park:</p><br>
<p>The Landsford Canal was the farthest upstream It is along a 2 mi stretch of the Catawba River in Chester County and Lancaster County west of Lancaster where the fall of the river created a shallow water crossing, a ford named for an early settler who owned the land around the Catawba River, Thomas Land. The lock keeper&#39;s house and the canal with three locks is the centerpiece of the Landsford Canal State Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The canal was designed by Robert Mills. Construction began in 1820, using Irish laborers from the northern United States under the supervision of Robert Leckie. It was 2 mi long. It was 12 ft wide and 10 ft deep. It had five locks for the 32 ft descent of the river.</p><br>
<p>The canal was not a financial success. In 1824, one of the locks collapsed due to a poor foundation. Canal traffic, which was never high, had apparently ceased by 1840. The granite locks and the lock keeper&#39;s house survive.</p><br>
<p>The Landsford Canal was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Additional pictures, architectural drawings, and information about the lock keepers house are available from the Historic American Buildings Survey at the Library of Congress. The documentation indicates the lock keepers house at Landsford Canal was moved from Rocky Mount Canal near Great Falls downstream.</p><br>
<p>Historic East Village is a commercial and residential neighborhood in central Des Moines, Iowa, United States, directly east of the Downtown Des Moines area. The neighborhood is bounded by Interstate 235 on the north, the Des Moines River on the west and south, and East 14th Street on the east. It also sits adjacent to the Historic Court District, which sits west across the Des Moines River. Part of the East Village forms a nationally recognized historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.</p><br>
<p>Many state and municipal buildings exist within the East Village. These include the Iowa State Capitol complex (including the Iowa Supreme Court), the State of Iowa Historical Museum, and the Des Moines Botanical Gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The East Village was platted in 1854. Several of the 40 buildings that make up the historic district are associated with European immigrants, especially Scandinavians and Eastern European Jews, that began settling the city&#39;s near east side in the 1870s and 1880s. There were three periods of construction in the district. The first period was from the 1840s to the 1890s. Many buildings were wood-framed and included single-family homes, double-houses, and row houses. The ones that remain have been remodeled for commercial use while others have been replaced by commercial buildings. The second period lasted from the 1870s to the 1920s. These buildings were predominantly constructed of brick in styles that were popular at the time, including Italianate, Gothic Revival, Romanesque Revival, Queen Anne, Neoclassical, and Commercial architecture. Included in this group of buildings is the only known surviving row house on the east side of Des Moines, and the only surviving church in the district (Capitol Hill Lutheran Church). The third period lasted from the 1920s to the 1950s and the buildings reflect the influences of the automobile on their design and usage. It includes buildings that were a part of the East Des Moines Auto Row. Architectural styles from this period include Modernism, Art Deco, Commercial, and Moderne.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, the City of Des Moines slated several buildings in the neighborhood for demolition, however, a group of individuals came together to advocate saving the buildings. Many of the structures stand today as homes to eateries, boutique shops, and loft-style housing.</p><br>
<p>National Register of Historic Places individual listees within the neighborhood include:</p><br>
<p>Iowa State Capitol</p><br>
<p>Baker-Devotie-Hollingsworth Block</p><br>
<p>Hohberger Building</p><br>
<p>Municipal Building</p><br>
<p>Northwestern Hotel</p><br>
<p>Ola Babcock Miller Building</p><br>
<p>Syndicate Block</p><br>
<p>Teachout Building</p><br>
<h2>Subculture</h2><br>
<p>East Village has a "strong, independent scene".</p><br>
<p>The yearly Capital City Pride festival is held here. In 2019, the festival drew at least 25,000 individuals, breaking the previous festival records. Iowas first-in-nation caucuses makes the state significant for politicians courting LGBT support. The presidential candidates who appeared at the 2019 festival include Beto ORourke, John Delaney, Kirsten Gillibrand, Marianne Williamson, Andrew Yang, Jay Inslee, Bernie Sanders, and Tim Ryan.</p><br>
<p>The Attmore–Oliver House is a building on the National Register of Historic Places in New Bern, North Carolina. It is on 511 Broad Street and in the New Bern National Historic District. It was originally built in 1790 and enlarged around 1834. The house is white and features three stories and a large porch in both the front and the back.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned by the New Bern Historical Society and is used for Society functions. It no longer operates as a house museum. Limited displays are open for self-guided tours by appointment.</p><br>
<p>The house is also supposedly one of the most haunted houses in New Bern.</p><br>
<h2>Resources</h2><br>
<p>The Attmore–Oliver House brochure</p><br>
<p>St. James Memorial Chapel is a former Episcopal chapel located on the grounds of Howe Military School, in Howe, Indiana. It was built in 1902, and is a one-story, Tudor Revival style brick building sheathed with a limestone veneer. It measures 152 feet by 64 feet, and has additions made in 1909, 1914 , and 1955. The building features a two-story, crenellated corner tower.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 2001. In 2016 the Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana disassociated and ended the relationship between the Episcopal Church and Howe Military School. The Chapel is no longer under the care of the Episcopal Church and cannot be regarded as Episcopal.</p><br>
<h2>Chapel crypt burials</h2><br>
<p>Buried in the chapel&#39;s crypt are the founders of Howe Military School, John Badlam Howe, (1812–1883) and Frances Marie (Glidden) Howe, his wife. Also buried there are the first four bishops of the Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana and the wives of three of them, as follows:</p><br>
<p>1. John Hazen White (1849–1925), first bishop, (and also the fourth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Indiana and his wife, Louise (Holbrook) White (1858–1928)</p><br>
<p>2. Campbell Gray (1879–1944), second bishop, and his wife, Virginia (Morgan) Gray (1886–1978)</p><br>
<p>3. Reginald Mallett (1893–1965), third bishop, and his wife, Lucy Atkinson Murchison Mallett (1898–1959); and</p><br>
<p>4. Walter C. Klein, fourth bishop (1904–1980).</p><br>
<h2>Other local sites on the National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>Other sites in Howe on the National register are:</p><br>
<p>John Badlam Howe Mansion, which is also known as the Howe Military School Rectory or the Administration Building, located next to the chapel</p><br>
<p>Lima Township School</p><br>
<p>Star Milling and Electric Company Historic District</p><br>
<p>Samuel P. Williams House</p><br>
<p>The Fulton House is a prominent Georgian-influenced stone tavern built c. 1793 and located on Lincoln Way East in McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania, this inn once boarded governors and four presidents and was originally known as The Union Hotel. The building is now restored following a devastating 1944 fire that destroyed much of the 18th century interior of the original structure. The 1820 east end addition was not affected by the fire.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is located in the McConnellsburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The east end portion of the building houses the Fulton County Historical Society Museum, which is open to the public on special occasions.</p><br>
<p>Marietta is a historic house and former tobacco plantation located in Glenn Dale, Prince Georges County, Maryland. On the National Register of Historic Places and the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom, includes a federal era house, a cemetery, the original root cellar, and harness room, as well as Judge Gabriel Duvalls original law office building. The historic site sits on 25 acres of Marietta&#39;s original 690 acres. Today, visitors can walk the grounds and tour the plantation buildings and sites where free and enslaved people lived and labored.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Marietta is a 2.5-story brick Federal house, built in 1812–13, in a traditional I-house plan. It is an important example of a late Federal style brick house. The main block is five bays by two, and the main entrance is through the central bay of the south facade. Attached perpendicular to the north side of the main block at right angles is a two-story rear wing, built c. 1832, and attached to the west gable end is an L-shaped wing added in 1968. Marietta stands on terraced, landscaped grounds with two contemporary outbuildings: a brick law office and a stone and brick root cellar/harness storage room.</p><br>
<p>Enslaved people built Marietta at the direction of Gabriel Duvall (1752-1844), who was a lawyer, Maryland legislator, USA Congressman, USA Comptroller, and USA Supreme Court Justice from 1811 to 1835.</p><br>
<p>The Duvall family enslaved many people at Marietta until the state ended slavery in Maryland in 1864. In any given year between 1812 and 1865, anywhere between nine and forty enslaved people lived and worked at Marietta. Among the enslaved at Marietta were multiple generations of the Duckett, Butler, Jackson, and Brown families. After Justice Duvall died in 1844, Marietta remained the residence of his heirs until 1902.</p><br>
<h2>Marietta House Museum</h2><br>
<p>The site is operated as the Marietta House Museum of the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, Parks and Recreation of Prince George&#39;s County Division of Natural and Historic Resources. The house is operated as a historic house museum and is furnished to reflect the three generations of Duvall family members and those they enslaved and employed. The museum is dedicated to giving voice to those enslaved families and individuals who lived and labored at Marietta in the 18th and 19th centuries. Since 2004, Marietta has been part of the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom.</p><br>
<p>The museum&#39;s mission reads, “Marietta House Museum is dedicated to exploring, elevating, and transforming awareness of the interconnected relationships of the people and their descendants who lived and labored at Marietta. As a public history steward, Marietta is committed to co-curating discussions, exhibitions, and programs with broad community input to promote universal social equity. Marietta interprets the historical architecture and landscape across Prince George’s County, Maryland, through inclusive United States American history.”</p><br>
<p>Guided tours of Marietta House Museum highlight the relationships among the enslaved people and their enslavers that were shaped in part by the nation&#39;s founding documents and local slave codes. Visitors learn the histories of the enslaved families including the Ducketts, Jacksons, Browns, and Butlers and their decisions to seek freedom through flight, the courts, and deeds.</p><br>
<p>The Eighth Regiment Armory, located in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District of Chicago, Illinois, was the first armory in the United States built for an African-American military regiment, known as the "Fighting 8th". The building later was used by a division of the Illinois National Guard, and during World War I was incorporated into the US Infantry. After closing the armory in the early 1960s, it became the South Central Gymnasium. In 1999, following an extensive renovation, it was reopened as a public high school military academy. The restoration and conversion into a school has been recognized by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<p>The nearby Victory Monument honors the regiment for service during World War I.</p><br>
<p>The armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1986, and was designated as a Chicago Landmark on September 9, 1998. It is one of nine landmark structures in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District. In currently houses the Chicago Military Academy.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>On June 27, 1937, the armory hosted a battle of the bands, featuring big bands. The Roy Eldridge&#39;s band began the show, followed by the 16 piece Benny Goodman band, with Gene Krupa on the drums and Harry James on the trumpet. The popular tune King Porter Stomp was a highlight of the evening.</p><br>
<p>The Old Corner Bookstore is a historic commercial building located at 283 Washington Street at the corner of School Street in the historic core of Boston, Massachusetts. It was built in 1718 as a residence and apothecary shop, and first became a bookstore in 1828. The building is a designated site on Bostons Freedom Trail, Literary Trail, and Womens Heritage Trail.</p><br>
<p>The Old Corner Bookstore was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>This building is currently under consideration for Boston Landmark status by the Boston Landmarks Commission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site, situated on what was then part of Cornhill, was formerly the home of Anne Hutchinson, who was expelled from Massachusetts in 1638 for heresy. Thomas Crease purchased the home in 1708, though it burned down in the Great Boston Fire on October 2, 1711. Crease constructed a new building on the site in 1718 as a residence and apothecary shop. For generations, various pharmacists used the site for the same purpose: the first floor was for commercial use and the upper floors were residential. In 1817, Dr. Samuel Clarke, father of future minister James Freeman Clarke, bought the building.</p><br>
<p>The buildings first use as a bookstore dates to 1828, when Timothy Harrington Carter leased the space, whose address had now changed to 135 Washington Street, from a man named George Brimmer. Carter spent $7,000 renovating the buildings commercial space, including the addition of projecting, small-paned windows on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>From 1832 to 1865, it was home to Ticknor and Fields, a publishing company founded by William Ticknor, later renamed when he partnered with James T. Fields. For part of the 19th century, the firm was one of the most important publishing companies in the United States, and the Old Corner Bookstore became a meeting-place for such authors as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles Dickens, and Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. Ticknor and Fields rented out the whole building, using only the corner for a retail space. Other sections of the building, particularly upstairs rooms and storefronts facing School Street, were in turn sublet to other businesses. After the death of Ticknor, Fields wanted to focus on publishing rather than the retail store. On November 12, 1864, he sold the Old Corner Bookstore to E. P. Dutton; Ticknor and Fields moved to Tremont Street. A succession of other publishing houses and booksellers followed Ticknor and Fields in the building.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with its literary past, in the 1890s the shop carried magazines such as: Arena, Argosy, Army and Navy Journal, Art, Art Amateur, The Atlantic, Black Cat, Bookman, Bradley His Book, Catholic World, The Century Magazine, The Chap-Book, The Church, The Churchman, Current Literature, Donahoes Magazine, Every Month, Forum, Guntons Magazine, Harpers Bazaar, Harpers Round Table, Harpers Weekly, Home and Country, Judge, Ladies Home Journal, Frank Leslies Popular Monthly, Leslies Weekly, Life, Lippincotts Monthly Magazine, Munseys Magazine, The Nation, North American Review, Outing, Pocket Magazine, Poet Lore, Public Opinion, Outlook, Puck, Puritan, Red Letter, Review of Reviews, Scientific American, Scribners Magazine, Shoppells, St. Nicholas Magazine, Town Talk, Truth, Vogue, What to Eat, Yale Review, and Youths Companion.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The building was threatened with demolition and replacement by a parking garage in 1960 and was "rescued" through a purchase by Historic Boston, Inc. for the sum of $100,000. Historic Boston is a not-for-profit preservation and real estate organization that rehabilitates historic and culturally significant properties in Bostons neighborhoods so that they are a usable part of the citys present and future. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a Boston Landmark under the auspices of the Boston Landmarks Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<h3>Historical</h3><br>
<h4>Tenants of 76 Cornhill</h4><br>
<p>1718: Thomas Crease</p><br>
<p>1789: Herman Brimmer, merchant, John Jackson, broker and Samuel Thayer and Minott Thayer, shopkeepers</p><br>
<p>1807: John West</p><br>
<p>1817: Dr. Samuel Clarke, apothecary</p><br>
<h4>Tenants of 135 Washington Street</h4><br>
<p>1828: Carter & Hendee (Richard B. Carter, Charles J. Hendee)</p><br>
<p>1829: Benjamin Perkins & Co.</p><br>
<p>1830: Gray and Bowen (Frederick T. Gray, Charles Bowen)</p><br>
<p>1833: Allen & Ticknor (John Allen, William D. Ticknor)</p><br>
<p>1838: Samuel H. Parker</p><br>
<p>1840: Parker & Ditson (S.H. Parker, Oliver Ditson)</p><br>
<p>1841: William D. Ticknor</p><br>
<p>1844: Oliver Ditson</p><br>
<p>1847: William D. Ticknor & Co. (Wm. D. Ticknor, John Reed Jr., James T. Fields)</p><br>
<p>1853: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields</p><br>
<p>1854: Ticknor and Fields</p><br>
<p>1868: E.P. Dutton & Co. (Edward Payson Dutton, Charles A. Clapp) and H.O. Houghton & Co.</p><br>
<p>1869: A. Williams & Co. (Alexander Williams)</p><br>
<h3>Recent</h3><br>
<p>In recent times, the Old Corner Bookstore&#39;s retail space was the original location of the Globe Corner Bookstore (a division of the Old Corner Bookstore, Inc.), which operated there for 16 years from 1982 to 1997 and specialized in travel books and maps. A Boston Globe company store operated in the building from 1998 through 2002, selling Boston Globe products and tourist memorabilia.</p><br>
<p>A national discount jewelry chain, Ultra Diamonds, occupied the retail space from 2005 until the company&#39;s bankruptcy in 2009. Then the space was briefly used as a showroom for crafts created by North Bennet Street School students and faculty. The space now houses a Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurant and an entertainment space.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Presidents is a former Episcopal chapel on the Jersey Shore where seven United States presidents worshipped. It was visited by presidents Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, and Woodrow Wilson. All except Grant were in office when they paid their visits to the church.</p><br>
<p>For approximately 75 years it was a seasonal summer resort church, located at 1260 Ocean Avenue in Long Branch, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States, just across the street from the Atlantic Ocean. In 1953 the Episcopal Diocese deconsecrated the church and slated it for demolition. Local preservationists stepped in and in 1955 the old chapel was rededicated as the Long Branch Historical Museum. Today the building is undergoing extensive structural repairs and renovations. It is closed to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Presidents was consecrated in 1879 as St. James Protestant Episcopal Chapel, a branch of St. James Episcopal Church, located elsewhere in Long Branch, New Jersey. The church picked up its nickname following the visits of so many chief executives.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was designed in the Carpenter Gothic style by the New York architectural firm of William Appleton Potter, and Robert Henderson Robertson. The firm was famous in the era for designing, Springfield, Massachusetts (1871-1875) and the Brown University Library (1875). The men also designed summer homes on the Jersey Shore.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, Long Branch was considered the Monte Carlo of America. A white flag was raised when women went in the ocean; a red pennant was hoisted to begin the males-only sessions. In August 1861, Mary Todd Lincoln took a vacation in Long Branch and began a tradition of dignitaries from the nations capital to become regular guests. From the Gilded Age up until the era before World War I, Long Branch was one of the nations premier summer vacation spots, drawing the wealthy to its stately large homes.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Presidents was where the wealthy summer residents worshipped. Famous families such as the Goulds, Vanderbilts, Sloans, and Drexels had palatial summer residences nearby. A newspaper reporter in 1886 estimated that the net worth of a small group of Sunday morning congregants was more than $250 million. During summertime in the Gay Nineties, an $8,000 Sunday collection was not unusual. However, by 1925 the chapel was in dire financial straits, and only by generous contributions of local townspeople was it saved. A New York real estate magnate, Henry Levy, paid off its back taxes, despite not being a member of the church, or a Christian. He remarked, "Although we are not of the same faith, we believe in the same God." This was only a temporary reprieve for the church.</p><br>
<p>In 1949 services at the once-crowded house of worship ceased, due to the congregation having dwindled to less than 40 members. The Rev. Christopher H. Snyder, the chapel&#39;s vicar, undertook a campaign to ask Congress to name the site a national shrine. National attention soon followed. It was acquired by the non-profit Long Branch Historical Museum Association in 1953. For the next 46 years it was operated as a local museum and open periodically. However, after 120 years of harsh weather conditions so close to the ocean, the building itself deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>The museum fell into disrepair and was closed in 1999. In 2003, private donations helped stabilize the building. The unique windows were removed and placed in storage, along with a number of historic items, including a silk American flag that covered President Garfields casket, President Grants gun cabinet, and the chapel&#39;s guest books that were signed by the presidents.</p><br>
<p>The church has been named as an official project of the National Trust for Historic Preservations Save Americas Treasures program. This designation recognizes the historic value and critical condition of the site, and makes it eligible for, but does not ensure, funding. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1976, for its significance in politics and religion.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The Carpenter Gothic chapel is a wooden structure on a brick masonry base.</p><br>
<p>Two stained glass windows identified as works by the Louis Comfort Tiffany Studios were installed in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The roof is made from cedar shake. A new ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber seal was installed on the building&#39;s tower in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Decorative quatrefoils on the outside perimeter of the parapet are of Spanish mahogany.</p><br>
<p>The building remained unchanged from 1879 to 1895, when an imposing crenellated tower was added.</p><br>
<p>Also on the chapel property is a small building called The Garfield Tea House. It was built from railroad ties that were laid in 1881 to create a rail spur to transport the mortally wounded President Garfield from the Elberon train depot to the Francklyn cottage, where he died.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Presidents is the last remaining structure associated with all seven presidents who vacationed in Long Branch. In 1999 the Long Branch Historical Museum Association began fundraising efforts to save the building. The first step was to stabilize the building to prevent it from collapsing. The wood flooring was removed and reinforced concrete was poured to support the building. Steel supports replaced wooden pilasters that had deteriorated. The stained-glass windows, original altar, organ, and handmade pews were removed and put in storage during renovation.</p><br>
<p>Following the stabilization of the building in 2003, work began on the exterior. The wood frame was repaired, missing pieces were replaced, new gutters and a drainage system were installed, and the belfry was renovated. In 2007, a new cedar shake roof was completed.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 the Monmouth County Historical Commission awarded a grant to repair the north-facing portico porch. Previous grants from the MCHC were used to install new rain gutters, to restore the Garfield Tea House, the church bell, and belfry.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the Long Branch Historical Museum Association is undertaking fundraising efforts to finish the renovation before the Church of the Presidents can re-open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Weisel House is a two-story Greek Revival cottage constructed of red brick and river stone. It was built in 1853 by mason Andrew Weisel and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Andrew Weisel House is a small Greek Revival cottage constructed from brick and river stone. Weisel was a stonemason born in 1882 in Germany who immigrated to St. Charles, Illinois in 1846. He probably worked for William Beith, the most prominent mason in St. Charles, who designed many residential and commercial structures in those times. Weisel married Beith&#39;s sister Isabella, and built this house for their family in 1853. The house was placed on the crest of a hill to gain a good vantage point of the Fox River. Weisel lived there until 1867, when he bought a farm on the other side of the river. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 26, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The riverstone is mostly used on the east elevation. The house is two stories tall, otherwise constructed with red brick. Windows and doors have stone lintels. The main entrance is on the west, though the door has been replaced with a paneled door. A second entrance on the east side has not been recently changed, though it is uncertain if it is original. On the south side, the porch has been fully enclosed with a batten wall and now served as a library and bathroom. All windows and door locations are original, with the exception of one window on the east end that has been enlarged.</p><br>
<p>The first floor features a stair hall, with three rooms on the north end, and a kitchen (plus the aforementioned library) on the south end. The staircase and its newel post and handrail are original. The original pine floors remain, but have been covered with oak flooring. Most walls and ceilings have been painted white. The second floor has three bedrooms and a main hall. These pine floors were also covered with oak. One bedroom has since been converted to a bathroom, and most walls and ceilings were painted white.</p><br>
<p>The Arcada Theatre Building is a theater in St. Charles, Illinois located on Main Street  further eastward). The theatre was opened on Labor Day, September 6, 1926, engaging projection of silent movies and the staging of live vaudeville acts. Except for brief periods of renovation, it has remained continuously open. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Arcada Theatre was built in 1926 by local millionaires Dellora A. and Lester J. Norris. Mr. Norris, a commercial artist and Chicago Tribune cartoonist, designed the interior of the Arcada. The exterior, designed by Elmer Behrns, is as a prime example of the Spanish Colonial Revival Style. Behrns also designed The Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois,</p><br>
<p>The new theatre was a $500,000 example of the Norris family&#39;s confidence in the future of St. Charles. With only 5,000 residents in the town, more than 1,009 seats were installed.</p><br>
<p>Upon the Arcada&#39;s grand opening, the public came in such large numbers that hundreds were unable to gain entrance. Chicagoans arrived by a special railway car to see the featured film "The Last Frontier" and the Vaudeville acts of Fibber McGee and Molly. Patrons also heard a recital on the famous $25,000 Marr and Colton pipe organ, later enlarged (1928-29) by the local Geneva Organ Company with an art deco silver and red console, adorned with carved herons, native to the Fox River Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Arcada became known as one of the outstanding Vaudeville houses in the Fox River Valley. Many legendary stars have graced the stage, including George Burns and Gracie Allen, Judy Garland, Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy, Olivia de Havilland, the John Philip Sousa Band, Liberace, Mitzi Gaynor, Cornelia Otis Skinner, Vincent Price, Carol Channing, Jeanette MacDonald, Walter Slezak and the Von Trapp Family Singers.</p><br>
<p>In May 2005, Ron Onesti, president of, assumed ownership of its operations only. He does not own the Arcada Theatre building. Making use of its standing as a producer of entertainment shows in the United States, the OEC brought marquee performances typical of major city downtowns to the far western suburbs of Chicago.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Arcada Theatre is an 897-seat venue featuring its original pipe organ that rises from within the stage floor. Among other notable performers, The B-52&#39;s, 38 Special, Poi Dog Pondering, Sophia Loren, Mickey Rooney, Shirley MacLaine, Jerry Lewis, Frank Sinatra Jr. (2015), Dionne Warwick, Joan Rivers, Paul Anka, Kenny Rogers, Pat Benatar, Three Dog Night, Petula Clark (2017), Wayne Newton, Frankie Avalon, Dana Carvey (2012), Molly Ringwald (2013), Corey Feldman (2017), Scott Weiland (2015), Fastball (2021), Rich Little, Eric Burdon, Gladys Knight (2022), Howie Mandel, The Lettermen, and Martin Short have been recent headliners. The theatre also functions a resource for community groups and local performers when not occupied by mainliner events.</p><br>
<p>Comedian Andrew Dice Clay recorded his Showtime special "Indestructable" at the theater in August 2012.</p><br>
<p>The City Building is a Registered Historic Place in St. Charles, Illinois. It was the first structure in the city built specifically for government use, and has served variously as town hall, police station, fire house, circuit court, and public works monitoring station.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Charles, Illinois was first settled in 1833 and was incorporated as a city in 1874. In the early 1890s, it became apparent that the settlement needed a main government building from which to conduct affairs. Mayor A. H. Bennett commissioned the structure that year, authorizing the purchase of the property from B. T. Hunt for $1,500 in 1891. The St. Charles City Council approved the building on March 12, 1892, accepting a bid from local builder F. W. Alexander for $5,496. The building received its common name from the words "City Building" that were carved into the front of the structure. The building functioned as St. Charles city hall until 1941, and still housed police and fire services until 1962. The 16th Judicial Circuit Court also used the building in the 1950s and 1960s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The circular, brick City Building stands two stories tall, and is an example of eclectic influences on Victorian architecture. The building is adjacent to the Fox River (to the west) with its main entrance on the east side at 15 N. Riverside Avenue. The roof is hipped and features a bell tower on the southeastern side, capped with a Byzantine roof. Several shed dormer windows break through the main roof. The soffit is decorated with wood brackets. The front is split into three bays; the middle bay extends beyond the roof to create a large pediment. This dormer allows for an attic. The main set of double doors is beneath a stilted arch. Rectangular, double hung windows on the first floor are also beneath stilted arches, with two large windows north of the entrance and a large door (originally for fire engines) on the south. The second floor has symmetrical pairs of windows on either side of the main bay, with three smaller windows on the center bay. On the interior, a straight staircase leads to the second floor, splitting two large rooms on the first floor. The second floor is similarly split into two rooms, with two small rooms above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The Garfield Farm and Inn Museum is a Registered Historic Place in Kane County, Illinois, United States. The property is a 375 acre farmstead, centered on an inn that served teamsters and the nearby community during the 1840s. It is currently a museum offering a variety of educational and entertainment events. The buildings that remain are three original 1840s structures, including the 1842 hay and grain barn, the 1849 horse barn, and the 1846 inn. Various other barns and outbuildings also stand, the last dated to 1906.</p><br>
<p>Garfield Farm & Tavern Museum is the only historically intact Illinois prairie farmstead and former teamsters&#39; inn being restored by donors and volunteers from over 3500 households in 37 states as an 1840s living history farm and inn museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Timothy Powers Garfield was a farmer, school teacher, brick maker and surveyor from Belmont, Vermont that purchased Pennsylvanian settler Sam Culbertsons 440 acre 1835 claim west of the Fox River in 1841. He farmed wheat (the cash crop of the 1840s), corn, hay, oats, livestock, and dairy. He and his wife Harriet (Frost) remodeled Culbertsons log house into a log tavern or inn. In 1846, they built a brick house serving as their home and tavern to serve guests traveling between Chicago and the Rock River Valley. A westbound stagecoach and mail coach routinely passed the tavern at 4PM, and the tavern provided an overnight resting spot for travelers and teamsters driving wheat to the Chicago port. The Garfield family charged each traveler 37 and a half cents to stay the night. As many as 54 guests joined the family of 9 one night in the 5-room log tavern before moving into the brick inn several months later. The Garfield Inn also became a popular local meeting place, holding monthly dances on Saturdays on the second floor of the tavern. Live music was hired for these events, which attracted as many as 100 couples at once.</p><br>
<p>Coming of the railroad in December 1849 was the death knell for tavern keeping. The farm shifted from wheat to dairy operations by the 1860s. A granddaughter, Elva Ruth Garfield, donated 163 acres and farm buildings in 1977 to the founding 501(c)3 nonprofit organizations, Garfield Heritage Society, Inc. and Campton Historic Agricultural Lands, Inc. to become a museum. Artifacts, furnishings, and family letters and documents survive because Miss Garfield&#39;s mother, Hannah Mighell Garfield, first voiced her idea for a making the house a museum in the 1890s. The Garfield Farm and Tavern received recognition by the United States Department of the Interior as a Historic Place on June 23, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Garfield Heritage Society is responsible for the day-to-day interpretation of the site and Campton Historic Agricultural Lands owns the bulk of the property. Both groups are responsible for the preservation of the buildings, lands, and history. The two nonprofits depend exclusively on donations and are currently seeking $3 million to complete restoration of the 24 historic structures at Garfield Farm and the adjacent 2nd generation&#39;s 1859 Edward Garfield/Mongerson Brothers Farmstead the project acquired in 2002. It was added in January 2016 to the National Register by expanding the boundaries of the 1978 Register designation of Garfield Farm and Tavern.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Fourteen buildings form the Garfield Farm and Tavern on 237 acres. It is bordered by Campton Hills Drive to the north and Illinois Route 38 to the south, accessed via Garfield Road in Campton Hills, IL. The Garfield Cemetery owned by the nonprofit Campton Cemetery Association also lies along Garfield Road, used by the community since 1846. The tavern and house building was built by T. P. Garfield in 1846. The house was a red-brick neoclassical with Federal Style details. The -story structure has a center door with sidelights and 2-over-2 windows (originally 12 over 8). Inside, a center hall has two rooms to the left (a ladies parlor and a bedroom, a barroom to the right with a (dining room) behind, and another(bedroom). The center hall on the second hall has a staircase leading to the third. The 3/4ths of this floor was used as an L-shaped ballroom with a front corner bedroom. The third floor had a bedroom on either side of the center hall and storage. The first floor parlor had stairs leading to the basement, which was 8 ft deep. The taverns frame annex is one and a half stories, measuring 20 x. It was used as a kitchen with a summer kitchen and storage room for firewood, grain, equipment, and laundry. An 8 x recessed porch has half columns on its ends. The southeast wall had a brick chimney for use as a stove for the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>Four barns are standing on the grounds; the 1842 hay barn is 44 x, the 1849 horse barn is 28 x, the grain barn is 34 x, and the 1906 dairy barn is 34 x. A carriage house retains its historical integrity aside from a cement floor added in 1960s. A small chicken house (no longer extant)was built sometime after 1900, and a larger, six-sided chicken house (no longer extant)was built in the 1930s. The milk house (no longer extant) was built between 1915 and 1920 with cement blocks and four windows. The cement silo (1913) rises 50 ft high with an 18 ft diameter. After 1906, a wooden windmill was built to provide water for the farm and house, replaced in the late teens with a taller metal windmill tower. A cistern was built in the crawlspace under a western expansion in 1875 of the kitchen of the house. A 30 foot deep dug water well provides groundwater, and an outhouse also stands on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Angie of Garfield Farm was printed in November 2014 and is a fictional children&#39;s chapter book using the names and basics facts about the farm. The story features 9-year-old Angeline Garfield in 1847. The author is Ann Brack Johnson, and it is illustrated by Pamela Hamilton.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Baker is a historic landmark in St. Charles, Illinois, listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been in and out of the hotel business since 1928.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was 1926 when the groundbreaking began at a site of a garbage dump at the Main Street bridge. Col. Edward J. Baker envisioned a luxury hotel, a resort and escape for the community of St. Charles, and an icon to the world for what big things were happening there.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Baker was Col. Bakers home. Col. Baker was a farmer. He and his niece Dellora Norris inherited the fortune of the founder of Texaco Oil, Col. Bakers brother-in-law John Gates. Col. Baker and his niece Dellora invested the money in the town. With every gift they gave, they gave with quiet graciousness. Col. Baker gave in abundance and ran the Hotel Baker at a yearly deficit. He was friends with people from all walks of life and wanted people to enjoy beauty and luxury no matter where they came from. When he decided to build the Hotel Baker, he told the architects to build their masterpiece. He lost his son and then his wife, and instead of living alone in the house, he moved into the hotel, where he was always there to welcome people.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Baker was built on the site of the old Haines Mill, which had been destroyed by fire in 1918 and was then used as a dumping grounds for seven years. Col. Baker believed that a garbage dump should not be the focal point of his hometown,</p><br>
<p>The hotel had its own parking garage. Designed to be as elaborate as the hotel, the Hotel Baker Garage opened in 1930 with a Hudson dealership, complete service garage, wash bay, Texaco gas station, and parking on the second floor for all of the hotel&#39;s guests. The parking garage was demolished in 1983 to make way for the assisted living facility Carroll Tower.</p><br>
<p>The hotel opened to the public on June 2, 1928, hosting a dinner for 301. Rooms cost $2.50 a night. Each room was decorated in its own unique style, so that no two rooms were alike.</p><br>
<p>Col. Baker considered himself "first and foremost a farmer" and owned nine farms in the Fox Valley area, from which food was provided to the Hotel Baker for guaranteed freshness in its kitchens.</p><br>
<p>The Rainbow Room, the most famous feature of the hotel, was originally the hotels restaurant and ballroom. Such performers as Louis Armstrong, Lawrence Welk, Tommy Dorsey, Guy Lombardo, and Eddie Duchin performed at the Hotel Baker atop its 63,000 wattage dance floor of patterned red, green, blue, and amber lights numbering 2,620. The floor originally could display patterns such as stars, an American flag, Christmas tree, or Valentines Day heart. At night, the dam outside was also lighted in the flashing colors of the rainbow. A pipe organ with two consoles (one in the Rainbow Room and one in the Trophy Room) was played by the hotel&#39;s organist Mrs. Mary Bayliss for people to enjoy.</p><br>
<p>The radio studio in the top tower of the Hotel broadcast music played in the Rainbow Room, and — through a special connection (a wire running along the Main Street Bridge) — the Municipal Building was a "singing tower" and played the music from the Rainbow Room across the valley from loudspeakers installed in the top of the tower.</p><br>
<p>As Col. Baker came to find hobbies to occupy his interest and newfound wealth, he began to harbor a great interest in horse racing, building up Hotel Baker Stables with the leading record of wins of a harness horse stable. He purchased his prized trotter Greyhound as a yearling in 1933. Greyhound went on to win 25 international records during his racing career. Col. Baker received his title as a Kentucky Colonel in 1935, honored as part of the Commonwealth of Kentucky by Governor Ruby Laffoon—in recognition of his contributions to his home town and pursuit in raising horses.</p><br>
<p>The hotel&#39;s lounge became known as the Trophy Room, for Baker put his vast number of racing trophies on display here as his trotters brought him more acclaim.</p><br>
<p>Col. Baker ran the Hotel Baker at a yearly deficit. For its first 31 years in business, the Hotel Baker never had to turn a profit. As long as Col. Baker was there, he continued to run the Hotel providing the funding for all its luxuries at the inexpensive price he sold.</p><br>
<p>Col. Baker passed away in 1959. In his will, he specified gifts to be given to his friends, but the remainder of his estate was left to his niece Dellora Norris.</p><br>
<p>Dellora Norris operated the hotel until 1970, when she donated the building to the ownership of the Lutheran Social Services of Illinois. Faced with aging and health issues, Mrs. Norris looked to find a suitable buyer because no one in the family showed an interest in the building. By that time the hotel had lost its appeal. Compared to the newly opened Pheasant Run Resort east of town, the Hotel Baker was outdated. The hotel was converted to be an assisted living facility "for the well-heeled elderly." Its public spaces remained open, and the Hotel began to adopt its status as a banquet space rather than the "weekend getaway" it was.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the Hotel fell into disrepair. The retirement home, overwhelmed with the cost of upkeep, began selling artwork and furniture from the Hotel before eventually selling the hotel in a sealed bid auction.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 two local St. Charles businessmen, Craig Frank and Neil Johnson, purchased the hotel and began a renovation costing a rounded sum of $9,000,000. Hoping to re-establish the tired and worn retirement home back as Hotel Baker, Frank and Johnson spent two years cleaning, furnishing, and upgrading the utilities of the long-neglected property. Many of the original pieces of furniture were returned to the building. Craig Frank had just finished restoring the Arcada Theatre with Willis Johnson of Classic Cinemas, and Mr. Frank thought how neat it would be to have the Hotel and the Arcada back how they used to be. After the restoration and running the hotel at a loss the first couple of years, the cost became prohibitive despite the first year ever in the hotel&#39;s history of making a profit.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was sold in a bank auction in 2003 for a rounded sum of $3,000,000. After staying at the hotel in 2001, Rowena and Joe Salas bought the hotel when it was in foreclosure in 2003. What originally was intended to be a quick investment turned into an adventure for the couple as they invested in constantly updating the hotel and keeping it going. The Hotel Baker continues to be the scene of many community and family functions—the center of life in the St. Charles Community.</p><br>
<h2>Awards</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Baker is listed on the National Record of Historic Places. It also helped earn St. Charles the title of "1 Great Place in Illinois" and the Great American Main Street Award in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The George Lewis Seaton House, located at 404 South Royal Street in Alexandria, Virginia and listed in the National Register of Historic Places, is the former home of George Lewis Seaton, a nineteenth-century African-American civic and political leader.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Lewis Seaton was the first African-American legislator from Alexandria elected to the Virginia General Assembly. He was a wealthy man who tried to forge peace and understanding between the whites and blacks of his area. Seaton built several important buildings in Alexandria, including Odd Fellows Hall, the Seaton School for Boys, and the Hallowell School for Girls. He also helped found the Free School Society of Alexandria, the Colored YMCA, and the Colored Building Association. The two-story, three-bay, side hall plan brick townhouse that stands on the property today was built by Seaton&#39;s family after he died in 1881. They lived there into the 20th century, doing several renovations.</p><br>
<p>The Hunt House, formerly the Dunham–Hunt Museum, is a Registered Historic Place credited as being the oldest brick residence in St. Charles, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bela Thaxter Hunt was born in Abington, Massachusetts in 1812. He left the state in 1833 and settled in Illinois Fox River valley in 1836. Hunts brother was indirectly responsible for the decision to establish a settlement in the area now known as St Charles. Bela Hunt was instrumental in expanding the town, purchasing a lot of over 200 acres (the rest of the settlement totaled only 25 acres). Hunt oversaw the construction of the town&#39;s first frame building in 1836, and bought a small hotel in 1837, where the first election in St. Charles took place. He also built several other businesses in the downtown area, and was a bed salesmen in nearby Chicago. In 1841, he was elected the first Kane County Treasurer. Later that year, he established a linseed oil factory.</p><br>
<p>Hunt constructed this residence in 1841 from local brick from Pennys Brickyard (modern day Baker Park). In 1844, he entered the paper industry, building the first paper mill northwest of the Ohio River, eventually employing over 80 people. Hunt opened a tannery in 1850 and manufactured harnesses, boots, and shoes. For the latter part of his life, until 1890, he ran a hardware business. Hunt served as a major in the Civil War. Hunt died on October 23, 1908. Bela Hunts son Frank B. Hunt later served as the third mayor of St. Charles, and his grandson Edwin M. Hunt was the eleventh mayor.</p><br>
<p>The Hunt family owned the house until 1980, and left much of the original flooring, trim, windows, doors, siding, and hardware intact. The only significant change made over the years was the addition of a clapboard structure to the back of the house. The last Hunts to reside in the house were Miss Effie Hunt and her sister, Mrs. Eva Lacy. The house was eventually sold by William and Bradley Hunt Gunter to Jane Dunham to keep it from being demolished.</p><br>
<p>The house was threatened with demolition when Baker Memorial Methodist Church sought to expand its parking area. Jane Dunham (from another early Kane County family), who had a passion for historic preservation, bought the building in order to save it from destruction in 1980. Dunham was also helped to get the Hunt House listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>After a restoration, the first floor was opened as a museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and donated to the city of St. Charles in 1986. In the 2010s, the city could no longer afford to pay for upkeep and maintenance, and placed the property up for sale.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was the initially in St. Charles to be constructed out of brick (other houses were wooden frame or log cabins). It is on the northwest corner of Third and Cedar Streets and was built in the Greek Revival style. The house remains consistent with original design due to the long span of time that it was in the possession of the Hunt family. The Hunt House is rectangular with a gable roof. The entrances on the front and rear are consistent with Greek Revival high style. Additions on the side and rear were added before 1855. A second story was added to the one-story addition before 1920, probably in the 1870s. Details on the fascia suggest Gothic Revival influence. The interior floor plan has not changed substantially since construction.</p><br>
<p>Odd Fellows Hall is a historic Odd Fellows hall located at Alexandria, Virginia. It is a 2 1/2-story, brick building. It was built in 1864 as a one-story building, and expanded to its present size in 1870. African-American orders like the black Odd Fellows allowed blacks to socialize and put their skills to good use. In 1870, black builder and politician George Seaton was hired to build the Odd Fellows meeting hall in Alexandria, Virginia. For decades the building was used to house the group and many of the social gatherings of the African-American community. In the 1980s the building was converted into condominiums. It is a three-story brick building with decorative detailing and a slate mansard roof. The hall is currently a residential building.</p><br>
<p>The Charles B. Holt House is a rock house in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It was built by Charles B. Holt, with construction completed in 1926. Holt was a locksmith, furniture repairman, and carpenter. Holt and his wife Mary lived in the house until their deaths, at which time their son, Leroy Preston, and his wife, Asalie Minor Preston, moved in. Asalie was a prominent teacher all her life, and endowed the Minor-Preston Educational Fund.</p><br>
<p>The rock house still stands today, and is a reminder of the many contributions of African-Americans like Holt and the Prestons. The interior of the house has noticeably deteriorated but the owner of the building, The Legal Aid Justice Center, has agreed to preserve and restore the house. The stone house is surrounded in part by a stone wall, and the porch features columns. The house is said to have six rooms and a bath downstairs, four rooms and a bath upstairs, and a large basement. Holt&#39;s name is carved into the front steps. The house is located at 1010 Preston Avenue across from Washington Park in Charlottesville, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Mount Zion is a historic Baptist church located at Charlottesville, Virginia. Although the current Mount Zion Baptist Church has only been in existence since 1884, the roots of the church are much deeper. The church began with a petition in 1864 to separate from the segregated white Baptist church, and the congregation was officially organized in 1867. Initially taking residence in the house of Samuel White, the congregation soon grew too large for the house, and in 1875 built a wooden church in the lot next door. In 1884, they finished the current, brick church that still stands today. The church was designed by George Wallace Spooner, who also helped rebuild the Rotunda at the University of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Rich in cultural history, the Mount Zion Baptist Church has seen more than just prayer. A social and political hub for African-Americans, it has seen the turbulent times of Jim Crow, the Civil Rights Movement, and Urban Renewal. The congregation is still in place today, and the church remains a pillar of strength and pride in the black community.</p><br>
<p>In 1966 the Minister of the Mount Zion Baptist Church was J.B. Hamilton and the Clerk was Mrs. Ethel P. Nicholas.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Vawter Hall and the Old Presidents House are two of the oldest buildings at Virginia State University, the oldest state-supported college for blacks in the United States. Vawter Hall was built and named in 1908 in honor of the schools late rector and authority on industrial training, Charles E. Vawter. The school was originally chartered as the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute in 1882, created through an agreement with the Readjuster Party to found a state-supported school of higher learning for blacks.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>A rare occurrence in antebellum Virginia, Maddens Tavern once functioned as a prime example of black entrepreneurship. The building was completed in 1840, and was run by a free black man named Willis Madden. Before running his own business, Madden worked a variety of trades, including a blacksmith, distiller, cobbler, teamster, farm laborer, and nail maker. Using the money and experience earned from these jobs, Madden was able to buy eighty-seven acres in Culpeper County, and set up his business at the crossroads of Old Fredericksburg Road and Peola-Mills-Kellysville Road. The business included a four-room main building, a general store, a blacksmith wheelwright shop, and several other outbuildings and shed. The western half of the tavern contained the family living quarters, and the eastern portion consisted of a downstairs public room and a loft for overnight guests. The railroad developments of the 1850s hit Maddens enterprise hard, giving the business little time to recover before it suffered extensive damage during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The St. Charles Municipal Building is a historic building and civic center in St. Charles, Illinois, United States. It was constructed in 1940 and donated to St. Charles, and has since served as its seat of local government. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The office of R. Harold Zook was chosen to design the structure. Zook operated out of Chicago, working with his nephew D. Coder Taylor, whom he considered his protege. Coder Taylor began working for his uncle in 1935 and recalled that they took any work they could get. Taylor described his uncle as "a good salesman" describing how he got the commission for the St. Charles Municipal Building. He described it as "a big project for the Zook office" and that the office staff at that time was "Zook, Taylor, sometimes another draftsman, and a lady secretary."</p><br>
<p>Zook made a preliminary drawing, a proposed elevation, and that was as far as he went. Coder Taylor recalled the client "wasn&#39;t too impressed by it." The initial design was of lannon stone. The client wanted something more modern and impressive. Coder Taylor took over the project and from that point on made every drawing on the project.</p><br>
<p>"The name credited isnt always the person who is the most influential on the project", recalled Taylor. However it wasnt quite that simple, he said that he and his uncles tables were three feet apart. "He saw what I was doing, so he would comment. If I wouldnt do it right, in his opinion, or he didnt like what I was doing, he would comment. Wed discuss it and the thing would come out. It was mine plus his input that perfected the design."</p><br>
<p>Coder Taylor described that it was changed to a "much more Art Deco type of design than it was at the outset".</p><br>
<p>Quoting the Architectural Record March 1941 issue: "This building was planned for an individual who then donated it to St. Charles at the time of its dedication." Coder Taylor remembered his client, Col. E. J. Baker, "who was a millionaire as a result of inheriting quite a lot of money from Bet-a-million Gates." Taylor described that Col. Bakers niece Dellora and her husband Les Norris, who also shared in the inheritance, donated the land along the Fox River and Baker donated the building. He said that Baker wanted marble, Georgia marble because it is a hard marble and hed had the St. Charles National Bank built, done of pink Georgia marble. In its design and construction, both Col. Baker and Coder Taylor wanted the building to last, to stand through time and to age gracefully. So Taylor went to Georgia to select the white Georgia marble and saw how to get the proper finish. "It was a rough finish, done with a hammer."</p><br>
<p>Coder Taylor recalled working with Col. Baker: Baker was quite determined, and this is the way he wanted to handle the building design. He didnt know anything about city halls. Im not sure we knew a great deal about city halls either. But he didnt want to consult with the mayor or any of the people in the city offices. He wanted to build a building and donate it to them after it was completed. We had to do a little research, just what do you have in a city hall? What he wanted was the municipal offices in the building, but with a wing to the side for an industrial museum. Thats what it was intended to be. However, it wasn&#39;t really industry, it was principally historical... He was very pleased with it, and very proud of it.</p><br>
<p>"The village was delighted to receive it", but Coder Taylor recalled that Col. Baker did not allow city officials to be involved with the project: "He didnt care for the mayor, he didnt care for any of the councilmen, the staff didnt matter anyway, the city collector and all this. He didnt give them the opportunity to comment. We designed it without conferences with anybody, and we supervised the construction."</p><br>
<p>The Municipal Building was described as "an unusual building in many respects" and is iconic of the City of St. Charles.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 in the category of Architecture/Engineering.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s design was inspired by the Art Deco movement, but its architectural style has been characterized as Moderne. The National Register nomination characterizes it as Moderne rather than Art Deco due to the fact that it "is an example of the phase of design after 1930 in which buildings were drastically stripped of surface ornaments and windows were grouped in bands."</p><br>
<p>Its exterior features white Georgia "Cherokee" marble and a base of black granite, with prominent motifs of "faceted surfaces, zigzags, chevron patterns, and octagon shapes".</p><br>
<p>The Municipal Building has served continuously as the seat of local government in St. Charles since its dedication in 1940. In order to comply with the Americans With Disabilities Act, a new entry atrium was constructed in 1995 to provide the building with an elevator. The two-story structure connected the Municipal Building with the original 1892 City Building.</p><br>
<p>The city has expanded its office spaces in the building over the years. The St. Charles History Museum which had been located in the building was moved to the historic McCornack Oil Co. Texaco gas station building in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The William Beith House, now known as the Beith House Museum, is a Registered Historic Place located at 8 Indiana Street in St. Charles, Il. It largely retains its original riverstone exterior, while many other local structures have been significantly altered or covered in stucco.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Beith immigrated from Scotland in 1843. Beith became a prominent local builder in Kane County, Illinois, who built this house from 1845 to 1850 for his family. The William Beith House is notable as one of the only riverstone houses of the 1850s remaining in St. Charles.</p><br>
<p>The Preservation Partners of the Fox Valley rescued the house in 1980 and restored it to operate as a museum of house preservation. Exhibits show mid-19th century decorative arts, and the techniques used to restore the interior features and exterior structure. The United States Department of the Interior recognized the house as a Historic Place on December 7, 1983. The home serves as the headquarters for Preservation Partners.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a simple two-story Greek Revival design. The main door is on the east side, facing the Fox River. It is on the left side of the exterior, and is surrounded by windows to the right and above. The southern exposure has two windows on each floor, and the north side has one window on each floor. The west side also has two windows per floor. Two additional windows also originally adorned the main structure, but since have been filled in with brick. A small, one-story attachment was added at the time of original construction and also has an east-facing entrance.</p><br>
<p>The entrance hall (on the southeast) contains the main staircase with walnut railings, spindles, and newel post. The parlor room is to the right, a bedroom to the rear, and two other bedrooms to the west. The kitchen is in the one-story attachment. The second story entry hall links to three bedrooms (the center bedroom now functions as a bathroom). A basement holds a large brick cistern and a bricked-in opening. It is thought that this may have been a tunnel from the river to serve on the Underground Railroad; Beith was a noted local abolitionist.</p><br>
<p>Heckscher Park is a local park and national historic district in Huntington, Suffolk County, New York. It is bounded by Madison Street, Sabbath Day Path, Main Street, and Prime Avenue. The park is roughly triangular-shaped with a large pond on northwest corner, and contains the Heckscher Museum of Art established by industrialist August Heckscher, as well as the Chapin Rainbow Theater. It hosts annual art festivals, tulip festivals, concerts, renaissance fairs, and the Huntington Summer Arts Festival. Heckscher Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Alamance Battleground is a North Carolina State Historic Site commemorating the Battle of Alamance. The historic site is located south of Burlington, Alamance County, North Carolina in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Battle of Alamance was fought in May 1771 as part of the War of the Regulation between the forces of Royal Governor William Tryon and a assemble of the "Regulators" an organized protest movement seeking to reform the colonial government.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological studies begun in 2009 have also found evidence of a Revolutionary War skirmish that occurred between the Delaware Light Infantry and British General Charles Cornwallis&#39; forces on March 5, 1781, one of several small battles to occur in the area prior to the Battle of Guilford Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Evidence was also found of a Civil War era encampment of the 3rd North Carolina Junior Reserve unit under the command of Col. John Hinsdale, who camped on the site shortly before surrendering near High Point to Union forces.</p><br>
<h2>Alamance Battleground State Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>The state historic site belongs to the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources and was established to preserve part of the battleground and provide historical interpretation of the lifestyle of the settlers in 1770s north central North Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>A visitor center at the site allows visitors to view several historical items - including the powder horn of Harmon Cox, the only known surviving archeological relic from the Battle of Alamance, in a small museum. Outside the visitors center is a 3-pounder cannon replica and a map of the battleground site. Outside the visitors center, the grounds are marked with 2 granite monuments. The smaller monument was given as a memorial in 1880 while the larger monument featuring a statue of James Hunter, the so-called "General of the Regulators", was erected in 1901. The grounds are crossed by a ¾ mile trail, and key battle positions. campsite. A smokehouse also stands on the grounds. There is a plaque that commemorates the deaths of the six men who were hanged by Governor Tryon following the defeat of the Regulators: James Pugh, Robert Matear, Benjamin Merrill, Captain Messer, and two others.</p><br>
<p>Alamance Battleground State Historic Site also includes the John Allen House, which family sources suggest was constructed around 1780. John&#39;s sister, Amy, was the wife of Herman Husband, an agitator and pamphleteer prominent in the Regulator movement who was present at the Battle of Alamance. Donated by descendants of the family and moved from nearby Snow Camp to the current site, the frontier style, one room log home is furnished with restored, original pieces from the period.</p><br>
<h2>Visitors</h2><br>
<p>Guided tours of the Allen House are provided upon request. The visitor center has several exhibits a The battleground is largely handicapped accessible. Ten picnic tables are available for use by visitors. A gift shop is also located within the visitor center.</p><br>
<p>The Brown Farmstead is located on Browns Road in the Town of Montgomery, east of Walden, in Orange County, New York, United States. The farmhouse was built about 1834, and is a two-story, side passage Greek Revival style. It was modified on the interior and exterior in 1879, in the Queen Anne style. Also on the property is a contributing 20th century dairy barn. It is the home of the Browns, who settled that region and gave their name to the road that runs past the house. They obtained this property in 1828. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Old Shelby County Courthouse, also known as Columbiana City Hall, is a defunct courthouse in Columbiana, Alabama. It was built in 1854. It served as the courthouse for Shelby County until 1906 when a larger court facility was built. It also served as Columbiana&#39;s city hall. Since 1982, it has housed the Shelby County Museum and Archives and its operator, the Shelby County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1974.</p><br>
<p>In 1826, Columbiana, Alabama won an election against Montevallo, Alabama to house the courthouse. The people of Columbiana threw a huge celebration which involved the destruction of a tree sitting in the very spot they planned to move and build the courthouse. To destroy the tree, gunpowder was packed into holes that had been drilled into the tree. Once ignited, the blast was said to have been heard for miles. The wood building which was built following this celebration no longer stands and was replaced with the Old Shelby County Courthouse in 1854.</p><br>
<p>Massanetta Springs Camp & Conference Center is a Presbyterian camp and conference center in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The ministry of Massanetta Springs is divided into three areas. Guest services, Conference Ministries, and Camp Massanetta. The camp features archery ranges, hiking trails, four residential camper villages, a pool, lake, picnic pavilion, auditorium/cafeteria, camp office, ropes course, and nurses station. The Massanetta Springs Conference Center and Historic Hotel are also located on these 200 acre.</p><br>
<p>Camp Massanetta began in 1956, however the residential camping program was suspended in November 2008 and a new direction sought. Mission@Massanetta provides youth and adults an opportunity to do mission in a variety of arenas within Harrisonburg, Rockingham County, and Augusta County. The "Brainy Camps" are camps for children and teens with Tourette syndrome, Asperger syndrome, neurofibromatosis, or epilepsy. The Children&#39;s National Medical Center in Washington, DC provides the camps and interest has been expressed in expanding to include children and teens with obesity issues and those with facial anomalies (cleft palate, etc.). Varsity football and marching band camps are also hosted at Camp Massanetta.</p><br>
<p>In May 2005, Massanetta Springs Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Middle School Conference</h2><br>
<p>Since 1993, Massanetta Springs has hosted the Massanetta Springs Middle School Conferences, Christian summer youth events for completed 6th-8th graders. The four conferences are attended by more than a thousand youth from youth groups around the country. Although the conference is geared toward Presbyterian youth, the event is open to all denominational backgrounds. The conference includes workshops for youth led by Youth Pastors and lay leaders from around the country, as well as recreation and music events.</p><br>
<p>The Batavia Institute  also known as Bellevue Place Sanitarium is a Registered Historic Place in Batavia, Illinois, US.</p><br>
<h2>Batavia Institute</h2><br>
<p>Batavia Institute, a private academy, was chartered on 12 February 1853 by 13 men, including Rev. Stephen Peet, the Congregational minister, Elijah Shumway Town, Joel McKee, John Van Nortwick, Dennison K. Town, who settled in Batavia in 1839 as its first physician, and Isaac G. Wilson.</p><br>
<p>The original building, which still stands in Batavia at 333 South Jefferson Street, at Union Avenue, was constructed in 1853–1854 of locally quarried limestone at a cost of $20,000. The architect Elijah Shumway Town designed the building in a Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>Proposed Normal School</h2><br>
<p>Bids were opened by the State Board of Education in Peoria on 7 May 1857. The first proposition on the agenda was from Batavia, which offered a subscription of $15,000, with the land and building belonging to the Batavia Institute, valued at $30,000, making $45,000 in all. Washington, in Tazewell County, Bloomington, and Peoria submitted proposals, as well.</p><br>
<h2>Mary Todd Lincoln&#39;s Stay</h2><br>
<p>In 1875, following the death of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, ten years later, Mary Todd Lincoln was committed to Bellevue Place Sanitarium, formerly known as the Batavia Institute. A Chicago court deemed that Mrs. Lincoln behaved "irrationally" and ordered her to be placed in a mental hospital. Mrs. Lincoln stayed for less than four months at the Bellevue Place prior to being released to her sister, Elizabeth where she assumed her care in Springfield.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Day Status</h2><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the building was converted to a residential facility for unwed mothers named the Fox Hill Home, which operated until the 1970s. In the mid 80s, the building was once again named Bellevue Place and converted into apartments which are lived in as of today. The building is not publicly accessible.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 13 August 1976.</p><br>
<p>Bremo Slave Chapel, constructed in 1835 and located in Bremo Bluff, Virginia, United States, is the only slave chapel known to exist in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This Gothic Revival structure originally served as a place of worship for the slaves at the Bremo Plantation of General John Hartwell Cocke. Cocke was deeply concerned with the religious and moral state of his slaves, which drove him to construct this chapel.</p><br>
<p>The building was moved in the late 19th century from its original location on the plantation and is now used as the parish hall for the Grace Episcopal Church in Bremo Bluff. Bremo Slave Chapel was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in December 1979 and the National Register of Historic Places in March 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although John Hartwell Cocke owned slaves at Bremo Plantation, he was opposed to the institution in principle and believed it was his obligation as their master to instruct his slaves and eventually return them to the African continent. Cocke first constructed a brick structure on the plantation in 1825 for his slaves, who had been gathering for worship as early as 1821.</p><br>
<p>In 1834, Cocke began constructing the schoolhouse-style building and hired a student from Princeton Theological Seminary to teach his slaves. However, the instructor left by September 1835 because of local public outcry against teaching slaves. Cocke had been publicly confronted and badly beaten that year for his efforts. Teaching literacy to slaves was illegal at that time in the state. Cocke later recruited young Presbyterian minister Courtland Van Rensselaer to minister to his slaves. Van Rensselaer dedicated the chapel on behalf of the slaves in November 1837.</p><br>
<h3>Post-abolition use</h3><br>
<p>The chapel was no longer used for some time after the American Civil War. In 1881, Cary Charles Cocke, William Cocke and Charles E. Cosby purchased land in Bremo Bluff that would become the present site of the chapel. By February 14, 1884, the building had been moved east from Chapel Field in Lower Bremo to the village center of Bremo Bluff, where it was consecrated as Grace Church by Episcopal Bishop Alfred M. Randolph. Services were held at this location until a newer brick church was built in 1924 and the chapel was moved a short distance to the north, where it was severely damaged by a falling tree the following year. After substantial reconstruction, it has since been used as the parish hall.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The identity of the architect is uncertain, but is presumed by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources to be John Hartwell Cocke. The rectangular brick foundation is arranged in a stretcher bond. The building measures 24 ft by 43 ft, and is covered by a simple gable roof with slate shingles and three chimneys. The exterior walls utilize board and batten construction. The main entrance on the east side features Gothic double doors; the chapel&#39;s sash windows are similarly arched. The interior includes an auditorium, a sanctuary, and a kitchen in the back. The building underwent significant modification during its move in the late 19th century and a vestry was added in the 20th century. Brick facing and steps with an iron railing were added to the front of the chapel in 1966.</p><br>
<p>Zion Poplars Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located near Gloucester, Gloucester County, Virginia. It was built in 1894 during the Reconstruction Era, and served more than just religious functions. As one of the oldest independent African American congregations in Gloucester County, Virginia, the church also served the economic and educational needs of its community. It was built in the Gothic Revival style with vernacular detailing, attributed to the handiwork of Frank Braxton, a former slave. The church gained its name from the historical origins of the church and congregation, because the first services were held under seven united poplar trees. Four of these trees still stand on church grounds today.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Berry Hill Plantation, also known simply as Berry Hill, is a historic plantation located on the west side of South Boston in Halifax County, Virginia, United States. The main house, transformed c. 1839 into one of Virginia&#39;s finest examples of Greek Revival architecture, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1969. The surviving portion of the plantation, which was once one of the largest in the state, is now a conference and event center.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Berry Hill is located on a site that is now about 650 acre in size, between River Rd. and the Dan River on the west side of South Boston. The main house is a two-story brick structure, finished in stucco and topped by a gabled roof. The main facade is in emulation of the Parthenon, with eight massive Doric columns supporting an entablature and fully pedimented gable.</p><br>
<p>With some 3,600 acre at its height, the plantation was one of the largest in Virginia. The plantation has one of the largest slave cemeteries in Virginia, holding the graves of more than two hundred slaves, and includes well-preserved slave quarters.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was originally owned by Isaac Coles, who began using slaves in 1802. In 1814 and 1841, the plantation changed owners, finally ending up under the control of James Coles Bruce in 1832. Bruce is credited with transforming the existing 18th-century brick plantation house then standing into the Greek Revival mansion seen today. Bruce is believed to have consulted with architect John E. Johnson, who designed Staunton Hill, the mansion of his half-brother.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The main house is now the centerpiece of the Berry Hill Resort and Conference Center, which provides accommodations and event facilities for weddings and corporate events. In 2023, the resort was found to have violated its historic preservation easement by the overseer&#39;s house on the property.</p><br>
<p>Aberdeen Gardens is a national historic district located at Hampton, Virginia, United States. The district was part of a planned community initiated by Hampton University under New Deal legislation. The neighborhood is listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places. The district encompasses 157 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The community was designed for the resettlement of African American workers in Newport News and Hampton. It was the only such Resettlement Administration community for blacks in Virginia. The seven streets within the community, excluding Aberdeen Road, are named for prominent African Americans: (1) Lewis Road, (2) Weaver Road, (3) Walker Road, (4) Mary Peake Boulevard, (5) Davis Road, (6) Russell Road, and (7) Langston Boulevard. The community is a 440 acre subdivision, including 158 single-family homes, one school, and a commercial center. The community started construction in 1934 and was finished three years later, in 1937.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designations</h2><br>
<p>In 1994, the community was listed as a historic district on the Virginia State Register of Historic Landmarks as well as the National Register of Historic Places. It is also part of the Hampton Roads history tour, the plaque for which reads:</p><br>
<p>"Built by Negroes for Negroes, Aberdeen Gardens began in 1934 as the model resettlement community for Negro families. It was the only such community in the United States designed by a Negro architect (Hilyard R. Robinson) and built by Negro contractors and laborers. Aberdeen Gardens is composed of 158 brick houses on large garden lots, a school, and a community store, all within a greenbelt. The streets, excepting Aberdeen Road, are named for prominent Negroes. Aberdeen Gardens offered home ownership and an improved quality of life in a rural setting. In 1994 this nationally significant neighborhood was listed as a Virginia landmark and in the National Register of Historic Places, through the efforts of former and current residents."</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Aberdeen Gardens Heritage Committee. Aberdeen Gardens. Mount Pleasant: Arcadia Publishing (2007).</p><br>
<p>Little England Chapel  was founded by George C. Rowe. A printer at Hampton Institute, Rowe began the Sunday School with three Newtown children, in a small section of his home. The Sunday School became so popular that they needed more space to hold the Bible sessions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1869, Daniel F. Cock set aside a triangular plot of thirty-five acres divided into thirty-three lots to be sold to black persons. This area was named "Cocks Newtown. In March 1870, the first six lots were sold at fifty dollars each. The last was sold in 1910. During this same period, blacks also purchased lots of comparable size at the same price from Charles Smith, Edward Whitehouse, and William N. Armstrong, brother of Samuel Armstrong, Principal of Hampton Institute. These lots were close to "Cocks Newtown" or close to the area where the Little England Chapel now stands. Subsequently, "Newtown" was applied to the entire black community.</p><br>
<p>In 1878, a large open arbor was built with ten rows of seating for academic and Sunday School classes on the property of Daniel Cock. The number of attendees grew to over 500 – too many to be accommodated in the open arbor. During that same summer Rowe met with William N. Armstrong, who offered the use of a small piece of land along Ivy Home Road, if the residents in the neighborhood would contribute toward the support of a day school teacher. The money was raised and the chapel opened in 1879. Students from Hampton Institute not only designed but built the school house. The work was overseen by William Armstrong.</p><br>
<p>By 1886, the chapel had become self-supporting and had grown from three to seventy children. The children of the chapel participated in missionary work for the community. As late as 1910, students from the institute rowed across the Hampton River to teach classes. In later years, they would travel by horse and buggy and the "School Chariot", a black shiny carriage drawn by two white horses. The students would serve as missionaries of the chapel for over fifty years.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Trusty House is a historic home in the Phoebus section of Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1897, and is a -story, wood-frame dwelling in the late Victorian style. It features a two-story, spindle-and-bracket porch, with a tent roof and capped by a finial. It was built by William H. Trusty, a successful black businessman and civic leader. Trusty owned a bar, five houses, and two Main Street Business properties. He was the son of freed parents from Prince George County, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Rock Run School was built as a one-room school house in the late 19th century. Today it is regarded as offering a strong insight into the state of black education in the years between the USA Civil War and Brown vs. Board of Education. This Henry County, Virginia school soon added another room, and operated as an educational institution until the mid-1950s, when it was consolidated into a larger segregated school. Similar to most other black schools, Rock Run School was painfully underfunded throughout its history, stunting the development and materials available to the school.</p><br>
<p>The application of the registry gives this summation: "The Rock Run School served the African American community of Rock Run in rural Henry County, Virginia from the post-Civil War Reconstruction Period of the early 1880s through the mid-20th century. It is a highly significant vestige of the educational history of Southside Virginia, the rural south, and the black population of late 19th-mid-20th century Henry County. Although in overall poor condition, the school has not been altered over the years or damaged in any substantial way. As such, its historic integrity is remarkable, and its potential for restoration appears promising. It is a rare and irreplaceable surviving example of an educational institution that served African Americans, because it represents several phases in the evolution of African American education in Virginia."</p><br>
<p>"Frank Agnew, a student at Rock Run School in the 1940s, restored the school with funds from the Harvest Foundation."</p><br>
<p>Unlike most log rural schoolhouses of the time, the Rock Run School was constructed as a frame building. Although the means of construction Rock Run are unknown, it is most likely that the parents and students themselves helped build the school, contributing supplies and labor because of the lack of government funding.</p><br>
<p>Beaver Creek Plantation, under the ownership of George Hairston, was a large slave-holding tobacco plantation and the center of an empire in tobacco-growing and slave-trading built by the Hairston family, Scottish emigrants to Pennsylvania in the early 18th century. Located just outside today&#39;s Martinsville, Virginia, the plantation thrived in tobacco production and textile manufacturing, as well as producing household goods and raising livestock. At one point the enslaved blacks of Beaver Creek were tending a thousand yam plants; in one day they made 660 candles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beaver Creek was built in 1776 under the ownership of George Hairston, son of Robert Hairston and Ruth Stovall Hairston, on a 30,000-plus acre royal land grant initially purchased from Col. Abram Penn. The original house was destroyed by fire in 1837 and was rebuilt while owned by George Hairston&#39;s son Marshall, whose profile according to family legend was incised on a window of the home when he was struck by lightning. The house was rebuilt using virgin oak from nearby Henry County forests.</p><br>
<p>Much of the plantation&#39;s rich slave history remains intact, and stories of unusual slaves are well documented and accessible. Often noted is the tale of Sam Lion, a field hand on the plantation. Over the years, Lion had earned enough extra money to buy his own woodworking tools. However, when a new overseer asked to borrow one of the tools, Lion refused. The overseer attacked him, and Lion killed the man with a shovel he was using to chop kindling. Lion fled the plantation, and hid in a nearby forest for two months. Eventually, unwilling to go North without his family, Lion turned himself in. He was sentenced to hang, and was shot while trying to escape.</p><br>
<p>Like Lion, other slaves were able to earn small amounts of money outside of their daily duties. Ned and Clem, two wagon masters, earned money by hauling extra loads for other planters. Clem was also a beekeeper, and amassed enough savings to buy his own honey press, which cost $10 and two gallons of honey.</p><br>
<p>Although slave rebellions were typically few, Beaver Creek was almost home to such an uprising. In 1812, a slave named Tom murdered a neighbor of George Hairston&#39;s plantation. Through his confession, Hairston discovered a plot to poison himself and neighboring slaveholders, a rebellion that would have been disguised by an expected British attack in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Hairston family, who had Beaver Creek built, eventually came to control tens of thousands of acres of land in Virginia, North Carolina and elsewhere across the South. Initially planters of tobacco, the family eventually became the largest slaveholders in the South: the engine of their extraordinary wealth (they were said to be one of the wealthiest families in America) was the propagation of slaves for export to the Deep South. The family married into other prominent local families, including several intermarriages with the descendants of General Joseph Martin, for whom Martinsville is named. George Hairston, who married his cousin Matilda Martin, daughter of Col. William Martin and Susan (Hairston) Martin, represented the district in Congress.</p><br>
<p>The Hairston family descends from Peter Hairston, who left Scotland for America, initially locating in Pennsylvania and eventually moving south to Virginia in the 1740s.</p><br>
<p>Ultimately, the fallout from the Civil War, chiefly the emancipation of slaves, put an end to the Hairstons booming business and the familys fortunes dwindled. At the center of the Plantation is the Hairston&#39;s classical revival mansion. Although the plantation was founded in 1776, the present house was not built until 1837, to replace the original home destroyed in a fire. Today, the house is owned by Bank Services of Virginia, and the home and gardens are usually open to the public during the Historic Garden Week in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Anne Spencer House, in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States was, from 1903 to 1975, the home of Anne Spencer, a poet of the Harlem Renaissance. The house opened as a museum in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>House overview</h2><br>
<p>The Pierce Street House was built in 1903, by Edward Spencer and the surrounding area includes a large garden and a one-room retreat called Edankraal, where Spencer did much of her writing. The word "Edankraal" is a combination of "Edward," "Anne," and "kraal," the Afrikaans word for enclosure or corral. The house is a two-story modified Queen Anne style, shingle residence. Its two-bay facade is divided equally between a recessed section, covered with a hipped roof, and a slightly projecting gable-roofed bay to the right. On the first floor, one can find a living room, dining room, sunroom, front hall, and kitchen. The second floor includes four bedrooms, a full bath, and a sunroom. The third floor, which is not generally open to the public, was originally a "man cave" for Edward featuring a pool table and half bath, but later became another area for the Spencer&#39;s grandchildren.</p><br>
<p>The house was modified periodically as the family grew and their social lives expanded. Edward creatively recycled used materials, incorporating windows, doors, handrails, or other cast-off materials into useful components for his home. A screened porch was eventually enclosed as a cozy den, and the lattice from the porch was re-used to make an entry into the garden. Guggenheimer&#39;s Department Store in downtown Lynchburg, Virginia had no more use for some sheets of copper that were in a window display. Edward used the copper to cover, shape, and enhance the recessed paneling below the chair rail of the dining room. Bright, red leather, padded doors, originally part of the all-black Harrison Movie Theater on Fifth Street in Lynchburg, Virginia, were re-used in the kitchen and led to a side porch. Massive, oversized banister stair railings were salvaged and re-used in the attic “dormitory room” Edward re-furbished for the visiting grandchildren in later years. He also installed a second bathroom there, which is modestly screened only with a simple hand-drawn curtain.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and opened as a museum on 1977. It is located in the Pierce Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>In July 2022, the Anne Spencer House Museum received funding from the National Trust for Historic Preservation&#39;s African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund to be use for the purpose of hiring an Executive Director to oversee programming and restoration projects.</p><br>
<h2>Spencer in Lynchburg</h2><br>
<p>Anne Spencer was the first Virginian and first African-American to have her poetry included in the Norton Anthology of American Poetry. She was also a committed activist for equal rights, and her house also served as a political center of the community. Spencer and her husband Edward had petitioned to start a local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and hosted James Weldon Johnson in their home as he assisted in creating the chapter.</p><br>
<p>The Spencers entertained other notable figures such as Langston Hughes, Marian Anderson, George Washington Carver, Thurgood Marshall, Martin Luther King Jr., and W. E. B. Du Bois.</p><br>
<p>The Campana Factory is a historic building in Batavia, Illinois. It was built in 1936 to serve as a factory for The Campana Company, which produced Italian Balm, the most popular hand lotion in the United States during The Great Depression. The Streamline Moderne and Bauhaus building features many innovative technologies, such as air conditioning. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Campana Company was a manufacturer of hand lotion, most notably Italian Balm, and other beauty products. Despite the economic hardships of The Great Depression, Campana was prosperous due to an aggressive radio advertising campaign featuring commercials on several hit shows, including The First Nighter Program. Campana also advertised by mailing millions of free samples to potential customers. The company was successful enough to warrant a new factory in 1936. The factory was intended to use the latest technologies and architectural styles to promote its products.</p><br>
<p>The Bauhaus and Art Deco inspired building was three stories tall with a central tower rising 100 ft. The building is in a long, horizontal block, and the third story is half as long as the other two. The floors alternate between tile and glass brick with no mullions. The glass bricks provide interior lightning in lieu of full windows. Horizontal bands of turquoise tile stretch around the building, with vertical bands rising up the tower. The Campana logo is written in gold leaf above the main entrance and in a large, red neon sign near the top of the tower.</p><br>
<p>Inside, fluorescent lights provide lighting to areas not nearby glass brick. Most walls are painted white or are tiled. The east side of the building was used as a visitors&#39; gallery, where Campana executives could give tours of the building and its product without disturbing the workers. The manufacturing floor was visible through large plate glass windows from this wing. The interior of the tower housed a 50,000 gal water tank for fire protection and air conditioning. The frieze in the lobby featured Art Deco depictions of nudes.</p><br>
<p>The building was one of the first to be completely air conditioned. As a consequence, operational windows were considered unnecessary and were never added. Its automated assembly lines and mechanical mixers were considered to be state-of-the-art technologies. Cosmetic ingredients were dropped from the third floor to the second floor to be mixed. The company also moved its administrative offices in the building. Desks were established in rows to maximize space, a new idea at the time, but now one of the most common methods of desk arrangement.</p><br>
<p>A glass block wing was added to each end of the first floor in the 1940s and is the only major addition since the plant opened. The Campana Company was purchased by Dow Chemical of Midland, Michigan in the early sixties which allowed it to function as a separate unit. Because Campanas president, I. Willard Crull, was asked to briefly serve as Dows interim president, he was afforded time to shop around Campana so that it would be kept intact by its future owner. California headquartered Purex subsequently bought Campana in the mid sixties, made Crull its vice president for health-care products and toiletries. Purex moved all operations out of state after Crull&#39;s retirement in the mid 1970s and the factory is now closed. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 6, 1979. It is now the home of All Dressed Up Costumes and Fizzy Magic Bath Bombs.</p><br>
<p>The Bodine Farmhouse is located on Wallkill Road just outside the village of Walden in the Town of Montgomery, Orange County, New York, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It is currently a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bodine Farmstead was possibly built in 1769 by William Bodine, the grandson of Jean Bodine, but the record of his birth has not been found. He was granted a large tract of land of over 3,000 acre in the Town of Montgomery, outside the village of Walden, and his homestead was built in 1769 and occupied by several generations of his descendants. The last was Hillah Terbell in about 1908.</p><br>
<p>Bodine was a distant relative of Jean Bodin, a Renaissance philosopher of France.</p><br>
<p>The First Methodist Church of Batavia is a historic building in Batavia, Illinois. It functioned as a Methodist church until the 1880s. The building was then converted into the McWayne School Annex, which held classes until 1978. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Batavia, Illinois was first settled in the 1830s. In 1834, Henry Lyon and Allison Speer were the first two Methodists to move to the village. A third Methodist, William VanNortwick, arrived a year later and allowed church services to be held in his house. As Batavia grew, the size of the congregation became too large to hold in a single house, and plans were made to construct a church building. The First Methodist Church of Batavia was constructed in 1852 for $6,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1854, Reverend E. H. Gammon was named the first minister. Gammon later accumulated much wealth in agricultural machinery and offered funds for the construction of a newer church. Upon the completion of the new United Methodist Church of Batavia, the original church building was sold to the Batavia Community School District. The old building was re-purposed as the McWayne School Annex and it was used as a school. In 1978, the school district opened two new schools and intended to destroy the McWayne School Annex. The plans were cancelled that year when it was purchased by the Buttrey-Wulff-Mamminga Agency, Inc. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 19, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Greek Revival structure was built of locally quarried limestone. The building retains its original wood gable, but it has been covered with asphalt for economic reasons. The bell tower was removed when it was converted into a school. Doric pediments adorn the north and south ends of the building. The interior features eight wooden columns.</p><br>
<p>The Bush House Hotel was an historic hotel that was located in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1868 and 1869, and burned down on February 8, 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bush House was built by Bellefonte attorney and developer Daniel G. Bush between 1868 and 1869. At the time, it was reported to be one of the largest hotels in Pennsylvania outside of Philadelphia. Thomas Edison stayed there while bringing electricity to the town. The Bush House also served other famous guests, such as Henry Ford and Amelia Earhart.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, the building was sold and soon after renamed the Penn Belle Hotel. The hotel returned to its original "Bush House" name in 1974. Over the years, portions of Bush House were converted to residential apartments. It was also home to several different restaurants and taverns.</p><br>
<p>It was a contributing property to the Bellefonte Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Roaring Fork is a stream in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States. Once the site of a small Appalachian community, today the stream&#39;s area is home to the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail and the Roaring Fork Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Like many mountain streams, Roaring Fork is volatile. While the stream presents as a peaceful trickle on any given day, it quickly becomes a raging whitewater rapid after a mild rain shower. The "roar" of the water is amplified by its echo on surrounding mountain ridges.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The source of Roaring Fork is located nearly 5,000 ft up along the northern slopes of Mount Le Conte, where several small springs converge. The highest of these springs, known as Basin Spring, provides the water source for LeConte Lodge. From its source, Roaring Fork drops 2,500 ft over just 2 mi, spilling over Grotto Falls and absorbing Surry Creek before steadying in a narrow valley between Mount Winnesoka and Piney Mountain. The mouth of Roaring Fork is located at the northern end of Gatlinburg, where it empties into the West Fork of the Little Pigeon River.</p><br>
<p>The Roaring Fork valley is underlain by Precambrian sandstone of the Ocoee Supergroup, a rock formation formed from ancient ocean sediments nearly a billion years ago. Roaring Fork Sandstone is found throughout the mid-level elevations of the northern Smokies and is especially common in Greenbrier to the east and the Sugarlands to the west. Over thousands of years, erosional forces have carried boulders composed of this sandstone down from boulder fields located higher up along the mountain ridges. This process has left the streambed of Roaring Fork and the flats in the Roaring Fork valley virtually covered with sandstone rocks of all sizes. Farmers who lived at Roaring Fork, the Sugarlands, and Greenbrier were continually moving and stacking these rocks, creating the characteristic rock walls that still criss-cross these areas today.</p><br>
<h2>Roaring Fork Historic District</h2><br>
<p>Between 1800 and 1810, the first permanent Euro-American settlers arrived in the White Oak Flats area around what is now Gatlinburg. In the following decades, their descendants spread out into the surrounding coves and valleys. Richard Reagan (1776–1829), the son of one of these pioneers, settled on a large plot of land just south of Gatlinburg along LeConte Creek. Some of Reagans children settled to the west in the Sugarlands, while some of them moved east to the hollow along Roaring Fork, which was then known as "Spruce Flats." By 1900, three of Reagans grandsons, Alfred Reagan (1856–1928), Aaron Reagan, and John H. Reagan were still farming along the stream, just above Gatlinburg.</p><br>
<p>The Bales family settled in the upper section of Roaring Fork sometime in the 1830s or earlier. Caleb Bales (1839–1913), apparently a son or nephew of the first Bales to settle on Roaring Fork, owned a farm just south of the Reagan lands. Caleb&#39;s sons Jim Bales (1869–1939) and Ephraim Bales (1867–1936) would spend most of their lives on Roaring Fork farming land inherited from their father.</p><br>
<p>As the Bales and Reagan families lived on adjoining lands, the families intermarried. Caleb Bales married one of Richard Reagans granddaughters, Elizabeth, in 1861. Ephraim Bales married a great-granddaughter of Richard Reagan, Minerva, in 1889. Calebs daughter, Martha, married Alfred Reagan in 1879.</p><br>
<p>Uppermost on Roaring Fork, near where the stream absorbs Surry Creek, were farms owned by the Clabo family, Gilbert Ogle, and Jasper Mellinger.</p><br>
<p>Around 1850, the residents of Roaring Fork constructed a crude road connecting the area to White Oak Flats (this old road is now a stop along the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail). By 1900, the community had matured into a mountain hamlet with its own school, church, general store, and tub mills. In 1976, the Roaring Fork Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Jim Bales Place</h3><br>
<p>The first historic stop along the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail is the Jim Bales Place, a farm which Jim Bales inherited from his father, Caleb. Jim, born James Wesley Bales in 1869, lived here for much of his life. He married Emma Ogle, a granddaughter of Gilbert Ogle, whose farm was located just above the Bales Place. As Bales got older, the farm passed on to other families, one of which erected a modern frame house on the land (known as the "fancy house") where they entertained visitors.</p><br>
<p>When the Park Service gained control of the land in the 1930s, the frame house was torn down. The Alex Cole Cabin, being more representative of the pioneer days of Appalachia, was moved to the farm from the Sugarlands. Bales&#39; corn crib and barn remain, however.</p><br>
<h3>Ephraim Bales Place</h3><br>
<p>Just below the Jim Bales place is the farm of Ephraim and Minerva Bales. Ephraim, Jim Bales&#39; older brother, farmed some 30 acre of his 70 acre plot. The other 40 acre were mostly wooded, which the Bales family used for construction material and firewood.</p><br>
<p>The Bales cabin was a double cabin with a passageway known as a "dog trot" in between. Dog-trot cabins, which are fairly common throughout the southeastern USA, typically involve two adjacent cabins with roughly 10 ft in between, but with one continuous roof. The space between the two halves was relatively cool in summer and warm in winter, making it attractive to dogs. Both halves of the cabin have their own chimney.</p><br>
<p>With the exception of a back porch, the cabin remains largely as it was when the Bales family lived in here in the early 20th century. Along with the cabin, Bales&#39; corn crib, hog pen, and barn are still standing today, just a few yards from the cabin. A rock wall and paling fence behind the cabin are representative of the two major barriers used in the northern Smokies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h3>Alfred Reagan Place</h3><br>
<p>Alfred Reagan, a descendant of the areas first settlers, owned a small farm just below the Ephraim Bales Place. Reagan was a jack-of-all-trades, operating the Roaring Fork communitys blacksmith shop, general store, and its most consistent grist mill. Reagan was also a part-time preacher at the Roaring Fork Church, for which he donated the land and helped build.</p><br>
<p>Of all the buildings on Reagans farm, only his cabin and mill remain today. With its sawboard paneling and coat of paint, Reagans cabin stands out among historical structures in the Smokies today. The cabin&#39;s design is known as a "saddlebag" design, which involves two cabins constructed around a single chimney. A kitchen area was added later.</p><br>
<p>The Reagan mill is a standard tub mill, with a flume directing water from Roaring Fork to power a tub-wheel turbine. The turbine turns a grindstone which breaks down corn and wheat into cornmeal and flour. Reagans mill was well designed and well positioned. It is said that when other mills lacked sufficient water power because of low water levels, Reagans mill would continue to operate.</p><br>
<h3>Alex Cole Cabin</h3><br>
<p>The Alex Cole Cabin is the last surviving structure from the Sugarlands community proper. Built by mountain guide Albert Alexander Cole, it has been moved from its original site to the Jim Bales Place along the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail.</p><br>
<h2>Motor Nature Trail</h2><br>
<p>The Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail is a narrow one-way road that is open to vehicular traffic (cars and small pickup trucks only) in spring, summer, and fall. Along with the historic district, the road passes by two overlooks and a forest that is representative of mid-level elevations in the Smokies.</p><br>
<p>The trail begins just past the Rainbow Falls Trailhead on Cherokee Orchard Road and slowly ascends Piney Mountain, topping out at an overlook on the mountains northern slopes (the overlooks elevation is roughly 3,000 ft). Just past the overlook, the road passes numerous large chestnut tree blowdowns. These trees, which often grew to 5–6 feet in diameter, were killed off by a blight in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>As the road descends Piney Mountain, it passes a parking lot at the Trillium Gap Trailhead. This hiking trail leads past Grotto Falls and Trillium Gap en route to the summit of Mount Le Conte. Trillium Gap—the gap between Brushy Mountain and the main Le Conte massif—was named by Horace Albright, who observed the trillium-filled area in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Past the Trillium Gap Trailhead, the road enters the upper reaches of the Roaring Fork hollow. Patches of young tuliptrees mark the former location of the Clabo and Ogle farms. Immediately after the road crosses Roaring Fork, the Jim Bales Place is visible on the right (east). The Grapeyard Ridge Trail, which connects Roaring Fork to Greenbrier, begins just behind the barn. Past the Jim Bales Place are the Ephraim Bales Place and Alfred Reagan Place.</p><br>
<p>The road continues to descend past the historic district, passing along the way a parking lot that allows for a view of Roaring Fork. A thin waterfall known as "The Place of a Thousand Drips" is the last stop along the motor trail before it re-enters Gatlinburg.</p><br>
<p>The Louise White School is a Registered Historic Place in Batavia, Illinois. It was in active use as a school for 85 years, and served as home of the Chautauqua movement in north central Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Louise White School was one of the main schools in the settlement of Batavia from its construction in 1893 through the 1970s. It was built to replace a wood-frame school that was built in 1856 but destroyed in an 1893 fire. The school was the regional home of the Chatauqua movement. Like most Chatauqua establishments, the school hosted many notable traveling lecturers. The building is considered a good example of Romanesque Revival architecture and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1980. The school building currently houses TSN International, a travel vacation club which has been the primary tenant since 1992.</p><br>
<p>The two-story limestone building is rectangular and situated on a hill east of the Fox River. Each story had four classrooms. The main entrance to the building faces the west and feature a limestone arch typical of the architectural style. The building also features an attic with a 20 foot high ceiling beneath a 45 degree hip roof. The 8 foot windows are an early example of insulated glazing. A two-story yellow brick extension was added in 1927, connected to the main building though a limestone passage.</p><br>
<p>The Duke Ellington House is a historic residence at 935 St. Nicholas Avenue, in Manhattan, New York City. Apartment 4A in this apartment house was the home of Duke Ellington , the noted African American composer and jazz pianist, from 1939 through 1961. and became a New York City designated landmark in 2023.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>935 St. Nicholas Avenue is located in Upper Manhattan&#39;s Washington Heights neighborhood, at the southwest corner of St. Nicholas Avenue and 157th Street. It is a six-story masonry structure, built in 1915 in the Late Gothic Revival style. The ground floor appears as a raised basement, with horizontal bands of stonework between its windows. The middle four floors are essentially identical, with some columns of window bays featuring decorative carved panels between the floors. Top-floor windows are set in peaked-arch openings and have more elaborate surrounds. The building is crowned by a parapet with stone turrets and projections. A pair of entrance bays are located at the center of the St. Nicholas facade, the entrances deeply recessed in peaked-arch openings.</p><br>
<p>When Duke Ellington moved into Apartment A4 in this building in 1939, he was already a well-known musician with a national reputation. It was during his period of his residency here that he wrote a number of his most important compositions, including Black, Brown and Beige, his first major extended-length jazz composition for chorus and orchestra. During this period, Ellington&#39;s music and personal style had a major impact on African-American culture specifically, as well as broader cultural trends in music.</p><br>
